Justice and strength – Pascal

In Fragment 94, Blaise Pascal reflects on the relationship between justice and strength. Here are successive quotations from the original text, accompanied by a literal commentary on the fragment, particularly instructive …

The Black American Revolt

To understand the project of a popular history of the United States, intended by Howard Zinn’s historian, go here a popular history of American society after 1945. This engaged history …

What is the Philosopher King?

The philosopher king is a concept that comes to us from Plato. In the Republic, book V, 473d, Plato insists that philosophy and kingship must coincide. Otherwise, the kingdom will …

The government against the people

In Arts de gouverner. From the medieval “regimen” to the concept of government, Michel Senellart sees Machiavelli as the first author to have theorized the confrontation between the people and …

Social classes

Is it fair that the chance of birth gives certain privileges? What about social classes? I. The questioning of privileges in the 18th century In the 18th century, Turgot thought, …