Birth and history of the newspaper
Ten percent to 12% of Sciences Po students choose to become journalists. Journalism occupies a predominant place in contemporary societies, a “fourth power”. Alexis de Tocqueville in 1833 already identified …
Tag: democracy
Corrected subject – “Dogmatic beliefs” – Tocqueville, On Democracy in America
This subject notably fell in the philosophy test of the 2015 French baccalaureate. See all the exam questions of the 2015 French baccalaureate. Dogmatic beliefs are more or less numerous, …
Summary of Chapter I – What is property? – Proudhon, 1840
Objective of the book, What is property? From the beginning of what is property, published in 1840, Proudhon starts from the thesis that he intends to demonstrate: property is theft. …
La Francophonie: history, issues and statistics
Definition of Francophonie The first use of the term “francophonie” dates back to 1880, in a work by the geographer Onésime Reclus: France, Algeria and Colony. He did not give …
Short biography of Barack Obama
This short biography of former President Obama will be followed by some quotes translated from English. Barack Obama was 47 years old when he was first elected president of the …