Mass culture and popular culture

To better understand the stakes of culture in contemporary society, here is a course on Mass culture. First, the terms culture and mass culture will be defined according to four …

V. B. Post-Gaullism

Giscard d’Estaing (on the left on the picture) and Mitterrand (on the right on the picture) succeed Georges Pompidou. V. France since 1945 B. Post-Gaullism: Pompidou, Giscard d’Estaing, and Mitterrand …

France under Vichy (1939-1944)

France was deeply affected by the outbreak of the Second World War and its defeat by the Germans, which led to the Occupation and the Vichy regime. It is these …

The Black American Revolt

To understand the project of a popular history of the United States, intended by Howard Zinn’s historian, go here a popular history of American society after 1945. This engaged history …