I.C. Doctrine Truman contre Doctrine Jdanov

→ The Truman Doctrine

-At the end of the war, Greece was in a state of civil war and the USSR was putting pressure on Eastern Europe

—Winston Churchill invited to Fulton University notes that Europe is cut in two by a symbolic “iron curtain” (March 5, 1946)

—Harry Truman (President of the United States) made a speech to the American Congress on March 12, 1947

—He enunciated the doctrine of “containment”: the aim was to fight against the “advance of communism”, in particular by financial means (leading to the Marshall Plan)

→ Economic application of the Truman doctrine: the Marshall Plan

-General George C. Marshall (Nobel Peace Prize1953) described in a speech at Harvard University on June 5, 1947, an economic aid outline in line with the Truman doctrine

—officially “against no country”, the Marshall Plan, or European Recovery Program, provided significant financial aid to fight hunger, poverty and chaos

-16 countries accepted the aid: they met in a European Organization for Economic Cooperation in 1948 (the USSR refused, and forced the countries of Eastern Europe to refuse)

-12 billion in loans or grants, in money or in kind (equivalent to about $170 billion in 2007)

→ Soviet response to the Truman Doctrine: the Jdanov Doctrine

—Andrei Zhdanov in September 1947 gave a speech in Poland equivalent to Truman for the communist camp
—He noted that there were two opposing camps: the “imperialist” camp (led by the USA) against the “democratic and anti-imperialist” camp (led by the USSR)

—This declaration led to the founding on October 5, 1947, of the Cominform, the Information Office of the Communist Parties

→ Focus on post-World War II ideologies

→ 50 quotes that marked the history of the 20thcentury

Winston Churchill (Westminster College, Fulton, USA, March 5, 1946):

• “I may allow my mind to dwell on the problems that beset us in the wake of our absolute victory by arms
• “to ensure that what has been won at the cost of so much sacrifice and suffering is preserved for the future glory and security of mankind. “Winston Churchill.
• ” From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. Behind this line are all the capitals of the former states of Central and Eastern Europe. “Winston Churchill

Truman Doctrine (speech before the US CongressMarch 12, 1947):

• ” Our help must consist mainly of economic and financial support,” Harry Truman
• “The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nourished by misery and deprivation

Marshall (Harvard University, June 5, 1947):

• Europe “will have to receive very substantial additional aid or face very serious economic, social and political dislocation”. George Marshall
• “The United States must do all it can to help restore the economic health of the world, without which political stability and assured peace are impossible
• “. Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine, but against famine, poverty, despair and chaos.

Jdanov Doctrine (Szklarska-Poreba Conference in Poland on September 30, 1947):

• “It is the communist parties that have the special historical role of leading the resistance to the American outline to enslave Europe. “Andrei Zhdanov

→ 20 contemporary history cards (1945–2017)